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Fabrizio Illuminati |
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Universita' di Salerno |
Abstract
The recent contamination of quantum information science, statistical
mechanics, and condensed matter has
revealed unexpected and potentially very fruitful connections between
these areas of research. We review
some of the most important results on the properties of entanglement in
quantum cooperative systems,
concentrating on interacting spin systems and fermionic and bosonic models
at zero temperature.
We discuss the behavior of entanglement at and away from quantum
criticality and the different roles
played by bipartite and multipartite nonlocal correlations. Schemes for
the generation and manipulation
of entangled states by means of many-body Hamiltonians are reviewed as
well. Furthermore, we report on very
recent investigations of factorization points, factorized ground states,
and "entanglement phase transitions"
in quantum many-body systems. We show how newly developed methods allow to
determine rigorously existence,
location, and exact form of separable ground states in a large variety of,
generally non-exactly solvable,
quantum spin models belonging to different universality classes. We
conclude with a tentative assessment
on the prospects of understanding quantum complexity in the light of
quantum entanglement theory.